​What are the reasons for the impact of CNC machining accuracy?

2025-11-29 14:21:51

1. the first is the position of the error: usually refers to the actual surface of the processed parts, axis or symmetry relative to the ideal position of the mutual position of the change or deviation degree, such as perpendicularity, position, symmetry, etc. 2. Machine tool error: The machine tool's own error usually refers to the dead angle error. The main reason for the position error is the machining error caused by the gap and elastic deformation of the transmission in the machining process of the machine parts, and the position error caused by the friction force and other factors that the tool head needs to overcome in the machining process. In the open-loop system, the position accuracy is greatly affected, while in the closed-loop servo system, the position accuracy mainly depends on the displacement detection. 3. Geometric error: The machining accuracy error caused by the geometric error of CNC Machining. In the process of CNC machining, due to the influence of external factors such as external force and heat generated during machining, the geometric accuracy of the machine tool is affected, and the geometric deformation of the parts processed on the machine tool will lead to geometric errors. According to research, there are two main reasons for the geometric error of CNC Machine Tools: internal factors and external factors. The internal factors that cause the geometric error of the machine tool refer to the geometric error caused by the machine tool's own factors, such as the levelness of the machine tool table, the levelness and straightness of the machine tool guide rail, the geometric accuracy of the machine tool and the fixture, etc. External factors mainly refer to the geometric errors caused by the external environment and thermal deformation during processing. For example, geometric errors caused by thermal expansion and deformation of tools or parts during cutting will affect the machining accuracy of machine tools and parts. 4. Cumulative error: From the long-term data analysis and actual operation of parts processing, it can be seen that the machining accuracy error caused by the positioning of CNC machining tools. The positioning of the machine tool has a great influence on the machining accuracy of the CNC machine tool. From the structural point of view, the machining error of CNC machine tools is mainly caused by the positioning accuracy, and the machine tool feed system is the main link that affects the positioning accuracy. The feeding system of CNC machine tools is usually composed of mechanical transmission system and electrical control system. In the structural design, the positioning accuracy is related to the mechanical transmission system. In a closed-loop system, CNC machine tools can usually prevent the position deviation of the main components (such as ball screws and other components) in the feed system through positioning detection devices. However, for the open-loop system, due to many influencing factors and complex conditions, positioning monitoring cannot be carried out, so the machining accuracy of CNC machine tools is greatly affected.